Kidney stones are solid deposits of minerals that can form in the kidneys, also known as renal calculi. They can be made up of various types of crystals, with the most abundant crystal determining the ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health challenge that affects more than 800 million people worldwide. 1 CKD can be caused by a variety of disease processes. Many causes are difficult to ...

Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common conditions affecting the kidney and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence. Thiazide diuretic agents are widely used for prevention of the recurrence ...

Kidney disease is a severe condition in which your kidneys slowly start to fail. This leads to a build-up of harmful elements in your blood that would otherwise be filtered out through your kidneys.

Symptoms of kidney disease may go unnoticed until more advanced stages of the condition. Diabetes and high blood pressure are common risk factors for chronic kidney disease. You can treat CKD by ...