The object-oriented paradigm popularized by languages including Java and C++ has slowly given way to a functional programming approach that is advocated by popular Python libraries and JavaScript ...

IEC 61131-3, along with PLCopen extensions and support\, provides software standards essential for efficiently achieving competitive manufacturing—including implementing Industry 4.0, Industrial ...

THE use of function blocks for programming of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) is gaining wider acceptance. Rather than the classic “contact and coil” representation of ladder diagram or relay ...

Functions are fundamental to code organization; they exist in all higher order programming languages. Generally, functional programming means using functions to the best effect for creating clean and ...