Cooperative Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization (MAPPO) framework for joint 3D trajectory control, priority-aware computation offloading, cooperative service caching, and uplink Non-Orthogonal ...
A disconfounded probing benchmark, multi-model multi-dataset bootstrap, refusal-channel attribution, and sparse-autoencoder decomposition for small instruction-tuned LMs (Qwen3-1.7B, Gemma 2 2B, Llama ...