While marketing bravado might make it seem that options traders love earnings season, I have a feeling that, deep down, the real pros hate it. Case in point is Duolingo Inc (NASDAQ:DUOL). On paper, ...

Clay Halton was a Business Editor at Investopedia and has been working in the finance publishing field for more than five years. He also writes and edits personal finance content, with a focus on ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Abstract: Given probability information, i.e., a probability measure m with a random variable x on the outcome space N, the expected value of that random variable is commonly used as some valuable ...

In March 2025, mathematicians Yu Deng, Zaher Hani, and Xiao Ma of the University of Chicago published a paper on the unpeer-reviewed paper repository arXiv, claiming to have solved Hilbert's Sixth ...

In 1900, at the grand amphitheater of the Sorbonne in Paris, David Hilbert stood before a crowd of mathematicians and delivered a speech that would echo through the next century. He outlined 10 — and ...

When is it appropriate to completely reinvent the wheel? To an outsider, that seems to happen a lot in category theory, and probability theory isn’t spared from this treatment. We’ve had a useful ...

AI researchers use the expression “P(doom”) to mean the probability that the rise of artificial intelligence will have a disastrous effect on humanity, such as extinction or enslavement. Expert ...

Probabilities have been accepted as providing a general representation of uncertainty. We investigate the validity of probability assessments using a state-contingent model under uncertainty, with a ...

Quantum mechanics, or quantum physics, is the body of scientific laws that describe the wacky behavior of photons, electrons and the other subatomic particles that make up the universe. When you ...